PIRACETAM-ELSAAD
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Chemical Name:
Piracetam -
Therapeutic Category:
Central nervous system drugs -
Pharmacologic Category:
Antipsychotic Agent, Nootropic -
Pharmaceutical Form:
Ampoule -
Composition:
Piracetam1000mg/5ml
PIRACETAM ELSaad
Injection (Ampoule)
Piracetam
1-PHARMACOLOGY:
Piracetam acts directly on the brain to improve the efficacy of the telencephalon in both normal subjects and those suffering from some functional deficit. This area of the brain is involved in cognition and also has a role to play in learning and memory, in alertness and in consciousness. Piracetam does not produce either sedation or stimulation.
Piracetam can act on the central nervous system in a variety of ways. It will modify neurotransmission within the brain, and can help to improve the metabolic environment essential for good neuronal function, and can improve rnicrocirculation without producing vasodilation.
When given as acute or long term treatment for patients suffering from a functional CNS deficit, it will heighten alertness and increase cognitive function.
Piracetam will protect and restore cognitive functional capacity after cerebral trauma such as hypoxia or intoxication, and after electroshock therapy.
Piracetam may be given alone, or together with other drugs when treating cortical myoclonia. Piracetam will reduce the duration of vestibular nystagmus.
Piracetam will improve regional oxygen and glucose uptake in the brain in patients suffering from dementia subsequent to multiple infarcts, or in those with cerebral ischaemia.
It is reported that piracetam inhibits platelet aggregation and reduce blood viscosity at high doses.
2-PHARMACOKINETICS:
Plasma half-life of Piracetam is 4 to 5 hours, while the half-life in the cerebrospinal fluid is 6 to 8 hours. The half-life is increased in cases of renal insufficiency.
Piracetam does not bind to plasma proteins and is eliminated unchanged principally via the kidney. Renal excretion is almost complete, i.e. over 95%, after 30 hours.
Renal clearance of Piracetam in healthy volunteers is 86 ml/minute.
Piracetam will diffuse into all types of tissue and can cross both the blood-brain barrier and the placenta, as well as the membranes employed in renal dialysis.
Piracetam is active in its unchanged form and is not metabolised by any of the animal species tested.
3-INDICATIONS:
PIRACETAM ELSaad is used in the treatment of:
- Mental disorders such as: Loss of memory, vertigo, lack of concentration or alertness, changes of mood, senile dementia.
- Alzheimer's disease.
- Cortical Myoclonians in some patients.
- Sickle-cell anaemia.
- Chronic alcoholism and withdrawal therapy.
- Learning difficulties in children.
PIRACETAM ELSaad may be used to treat coma, and also in the treatment of cognitive deficit as a result of head injury, whether or not this is associated with vertigo.
4-CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Several renal insufficiency.
5-SIDE EFFECTS:
Piracetam may cause sleep disturbances, agitation, vertigo, nausea, vomiting.
6-DRUG INTERACTIONS:
The classical treatment for alcoholism, i.e. vitamins and sedatives may continue to be prescribed during cures for alcoholism, in cases where there is a known vitamin deficiency or sever excitability.
Where piracetam and thyroid extract T3 & T4 where given together, confusion irritability and sleep disturbances where later observed.
No other drug interactions have been described.
7-PRECAUTIONS:
Piracetam should be used with caution in patients with renal insufficiency.
8-PREGNANCY & LACTATION:
Piracetam should not be prescribed during pregnancy or when breast feeding, except after physician's recommendation.
Piracetam is able to cross the placenta.
9-DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION:
The total daily dose can range from 30 to 320 mg/kg/day depending on the indication. This is administered twice daily, but may also be given in three or four separate doses.
PIRACETAM, as a long-term therapy for psycho-organic syndrome in the elderly is given in doses ranging from 1.2 to 2.4 g daily, according to the severity of the symptoms. The loading dose can be as high as 4,8 g/day during the initial weeks of treatment.
In the treatment of cortical myoclonias, the initial dosage is 24 g of piracetam per 24 hours for 3 days.
The initiated treatment with piracetam will be maintained as long as the initial cerebral pathology persists.
A decrease or discontinuation of drug therapy will nevertheless be made tentatively every 6 months. Treatment will be discontinued by reducing the dose of piracetam by 1.2 g every other day, in order to avoid a sudden relapse of the disease.
When treating sickle-cell anemia, the dose administered is 160 mg/kg/day divided in four equal doses.
When treating alcoholism the dose can be as high as 12 g daily during the initial withdrawal period.
10-PACKAGING & COMPOSITION:
PIRACETAM ELSaad – Injection: A pack of 5 or 25 ampoules of 5 mL. Each ampoule (5 mL) contains Piracetam 1000 mg.
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